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Attention Deficit Disorder (A.D.D.)

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  • Attention Deficit Disorder (A.D.D.)

A.D.D. Products

  • Omega EPA
  • Mucuna Pruriens
  • Gingko
  • Evening Primrose Oil
  • Zinc Picolinate
  • Blue Green Algae
  • melatonin
  • DMAE
  • GABA Plus
  • Ginseng

ADD, also known as Adult Attention Deficit Disorder (AADD), Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Hyperkinetic Syndrome. ADD is usually refer to children who were incapable of concentrating at school and couldn’t sit still. About one-third of ADHD cases among U.S. children may be linked with tobacco smoke before birth or to lead exposure afterward. Even levels of lead the government considers acceptable appeared to increase a child's risk of having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Brain scans of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder show abnormalities in the fiber pathways along which brain signals pass. The finding indicates the disorder may be more than just a chemical imbalance, they added. Using an imaging technique called diffusion tensor imaging, researchers found subtle anatomical differences in children diagnosed with ADHD that may affect communication between key areas of the brain - the frontal cortex, basal ganglia, brain stem and cerebellum. These areas are involved in the process that regulate attention, impulsive behavior, motor activity, and inhibition - the key symptoms in ADHD children. In another study, brain irregularities diminished in children who had been medicated with stimulant drugs for an average of 2-1/2 years.

Types of conditions:

ADD and ADHD (attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder).

Characteristics of ADD:

  • difficulty sustaining attention or completing tasks, easy distractibility
  • impulsive behavior
  • an excessive inclination to fidget and move about

Conventional treatment for ADD

Amphetamine, Dextroamphetamine, Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta), Atomoxetine (Strattera), and certain antidepressants.

Natural Treatments for ADD

DMAE, L- Carnitine, Zinc, Blue-Green Algae, Combined Amino Acids (GABA), L-Glutamine, Melatonin, St. John's Wort, Essential Fatty Acids (Fish Oil).

DMAE & ADD Research

According to studies performed in the 1970s, DMAE (2-Dimethylaminoethanol) may be helpful for ADD. In a double blind study involving fifty children aged 6 to 12 years who had been diagnosed with hyperkinesia comparing DMAE to placebo, 300 mg of DMAE were given initially, and 500 mg daily by the third week, and continued for 10 weeks. Evaluations revealed statistically significant test score improvements in the treatment group compared to the placebo group.

In another double-blind study compared DMAE with both Ritalin and placebo in 74 children with "learning disabilities", both DMAE and Ritaling group showed significant test score improvement over a 10-week period.

L Carnitine & ADD Research

A small, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial evaluated the possible efficacy of the supplement carnitine for ADD in boys 13 and younger. Approximately 50% of the participants responded to carnitine , a significantly higher percentage than responded to placebo. These promising results suggest that a larger trial is warranted.

Zinc & ADHD Research

Zinc has shown some modest promise for treatment of ADHD in research. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with 400 participants, 35mg daily use of zinc vs placebo were used. 28% of the participants given zinc showed improvement vs 20% in the placebo group. In another research, 15mg per day zinc enhance the effect of Ritalin modestly.

Panax Ginseng and Ginkgo biloba on ADHF

J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2001 May;26(3):221-8. Oceanside Functional Medicine Research Institute, Nanaimo, BC.

A combination herbal product containing American ginseng extract, Panax quinquefolium, (200 mg) and Ginkgo biloba extract (50 mg) (AD-FX; CV Technologies, Edmonton, Alta.) was tested for its ability to improve the symptoms of ADHD. AD-FX capsules were taken twice a day on an empty stomach for 4 weeks. Patients were instructed not to change any other medications during the study. After 2 weeks of the ADHD herbal remedy treatment, the proportion of the subjects exhibiting improvement ranged from 31% for the anxious-shy attribute to 67% for the psychosomatic attribute. After 4 weeks of treatment, the proportion of subjects exhibiting improvement ranged from 44% for the social problems attribute to 74% for the Conners' ADHD index and the DSM-IV hyperactive-impulsive attribute. Five (14%) of 36 subjects reported adverse events, only 2 of which were considered related to the study medication. These preliminary results suggest AD-FX treatment may improve symptoms of ADHD and should encourage further research on the use of ginseng and Ginkgo biloba extracts to treat ADHD symptoms.

Essential Fatty Acids ---Fish Oil & ADHD Research

Essential fatty acids (EFAs) are "good fats," substances as important to your general health as vitamins. Based on evidence that essential fatty acids are necessary for the proper development of brain function in growing children, EFAs found in fish oil and evening primrose oil have been tried for the treatment of ADHD and related conditions. However, the results have been less than impressive.

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 50 children with ADHD, use of essential fatty acids from fish oil and evening primrose oil failed to provide any consistent, significant benefit above and beyond the placebo effect. Other control

trial with essential fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, found in fish oil) failed to improve symptoms as well.

Enerning Primrose Oil & ADD Research

Evening primrose oil alone failed to prove effective for attention deficit disorder in a small double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. In a placebo-controlled, comparative trial, evening primrose oil proved less effective than standard medical treatment. However, a close look at the data in this last trial hinted that evening primrose oil might have been more effective in people with adequate zinc levels. This suggests that combination therapy with zinc and evening primrose oil should be tested, but thus far this approach has not undergone meaningful study.

Melatonins Improve Sleep Pattern for Children with ADD Research

One study found that the supplement melatonin may be helpful for improving sleep in children with ADHD taking stimulant medications. However, melatonin does not appear to be helpful for ADHD symptoms per se.

Other Natural Remedies for ADD

  • Vitamin B 3 (niacin), vitamin B 6, and multivitamin/multimineral magnesium, calcium , iron , inositol , trace minerals,
  • blue-green algae
  • Amino acids: GABA, glycine, taurine , L-glutamine , L-phenylalanine , and L-tyrosine
  • St. John's wort.

References

1. Richardson AJ, Puri BK. A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of supplementation with highly unsaturated fatty acids on ADHD-related symptoms in children with specific learning difficulties. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry . 2002;26:233–239.

2. Kleijnen J, Knipschild P. Niacin and vitamin B 6 in mental functioning: a review of controlled trials in humans. Biol Psychiatry. 1991;29:931–941.

3. Voigt RG, Llorente AM, Jensen CL, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Pediatr. 2001;139:189–196.

4. Aman MG, Mitchell EA, Turbott SH. The effects of essential fatty acid supplementation by Efamol in hyperactive children. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1987;15:75–90.

5. Arnold LE, Kleykamp D, Votolato NA, et al. Gamma-linolenic acid for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: placebo-controlled comparison to D-amphetamine. Biol Psychiatry. 1989;25:222–228.

6. Van Oudheusden L, Scholte H. Efficacy of carnitine in the treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids . 2002;67:33.

7. Starobrat-Hermelin B, Kozielec T. The effects of magnesium physiological supplementation on hyperactivity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Positive response to magnesium oral loading test. Magnes Res . 1997;10:149–156.

8. Bilici M, Yildirim F, Kandil S et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of zinc sulfate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2004;28:181-90.

9. Stevens L, Zhang W, Peck L et al. EFA supplementation in children with inattention, hyperactivity, and other disruptive behaviors. Lipids. 2003;38:1007-21.]

10. Lyon MR, Cline JC, Totosy de Zepetnek J et al. Effect of the herbal extract combination Panax quinquefolium and Ginkgo biloba on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a pilot study. J Psychiatry Neurosci . 2001;26:221-8.

11. Van der Heijden KB, Smits MG, Van Someren EJ, et al. Effect of melatonin on sleep, behavior, and cognition in ADHD and chronic sleep-onset insomnia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry . 2007;46:233-41.

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