Eurycoma Longifolia, (commonly known as Tongkat Ali or Long Jack), has been used for centuries in SE Asia to increase male virility and sexual prowess. Research has shown Tongkat Ali to increase the testosterone level by 440% in human testicular tissue and increase the frequency and length of sexual performance of the animals studied. Eurycoma has shown in human clinical trials - an ability to increase DHEA, increase free testosterone, and decrease Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG).

In 9 volunteers that took 100mg of LJ100 daily for 10 days, volunteers that engaged in regular exercise experience a significant increase in free testosterone from 70% to 132%. Volunteers that do not engaged in regular exercise experience an increase in free testosterone of 35% to 70%

In Europe, tribulus has been used in folk medicine throughout history. Because of the plants reputed benefits, athletes have used Tribulus Terrestris extract dietary supplements to boost energy levels, to promote healthy hormone function, to enhance muscle tone and to support athletic training. Tribulus increase both free and total testosterone levels, thereby enhancing muscle building property.

Tribulus from Bulgaria contains Protodioscin, which may have effect on sport performance as they regulate energy level and stamina by increasing the percentage of free testosterone level for men. Researchers have credited protodioscin's physiological effects as being the main source of Tribulus' T-boosting power because of its remarkable ability to enhance testosterone precursors such as dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate. As a result, protodioscin-rich Tribulus extracts have been shown to directly elevate the "master" of all muscle-building hormones, testosterone, and its precursor, luteinizing hormone.

In a study by Milanov et al. (1981), 8 healthy male subjects aged 28 to 45 years were administered 250 mg of Tribulus terrestris, three times daily at 8-hour intervals for 5 days. Luteinizing hormone levels are markedly elevated, plasma testosterone increased by 40%,

Glycine-l-arginine-alpha-ketoisocaproic acid calcium (GAKIC) is the newest nitric oxide combining Glycine and L Arginine together. In a double-blind, randomized, crossover-designed study conducted at the University of Florida by Stevens et al. (2000), participants ingested either glycine-l-arginine-alpha-ketoisocaproic acid or a placebo (9.46 g sucrose) prior to exercise. After supplementation, subjects performed consecutive right knee concentric and eccentric contractions. Measurements were taken during the last 5 reps of each set. The researchers concluded that glycine-l-arginine-alpha-ketoisocaproic acid calcium treatment increases the ability to sustain muscle force, delays fatigue, and increases total muscle work.

In another double-blind, randomized, crossover-designed study, subjects were given glycine-l-arginine-alpha-ketoisocaproic acid or a placebo before exercise and measured during repeated bouts of anaerobic cycling performance. Results indicated glycine-l-arginine-alpha-ketoisocaproic acid treatment significantly decreased the drop in mean power between the first and second sprints, resulting in a longer time taken to fatigue.

L Arginine AKG —dilates blood vessels, reduces blood pressure, replicates the activity of nitroglycerine, and is needed to produce nitric oxide. L-arginine, along with a properly planned exercise program, assists in amending abnormalities occurring in blood vessels. A study reported in the American College of Cardiology concluded that treatment with L-arginine produced a fourfold increase in blood vessel dilation from 2.2-8.8% (Hambrecht et al. 2000). Regular forearm exercises increased the dilation response by the same amount, but the combination of L-arginine and exercise training resulted in an improvement from 2.9-12%. Doses of 5.6-12.6 grams of arginine increased blood flow to the extremities 29%; the distance walked on a treadmill in 6 minutes increased 8% (Rector et al. 1996).

Much of L-arginine's effectiveness comes by way of increasing nitric oxide, a blood vessel dilator and clot buster produced in endothelial cells by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (Brunini et al. 2002). Nitric oxide counteracts the vasoconstriction and platelet-aggregating effects of the stress hormone adrenaline (epinephrine) and assists in maintaining vascular elasticity. Nitric oxide (the endothelial relaxing factor) is needed for expansion and contraction of the arterial system (Rohdewald 1999). L-arginine increases nitric oxide, but hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia, diabetes, and smoking decrease it.

L Arginine is an essential amino acid. It causes the secretion of growth hormone. In fact, a 15 to 30 gram intravenous infusion of arginine is used as a standard endocrinological test to provoke the pituitary into releasing growth-hormone.

A study at the University of Turin, Italy, showed that even though people in their seventies had lower response than either children or young adults to arginine, the nutrient still boosted their blood levels of HGH to triple the average for their age group. Arginine appears to stimulate HGH by blocking the secretion of the growth-hormone inhibitor somatostatin. It also greatly enhances the effect of growth hormone-releasing hormone when they are given together.